Not necessarily... There is a max time limit from the date of the charge to file a charge dispute. Past that date, which may vary from one CC company to the next, the company does not have to credit the amount back. Some may and others may not, YMMV.
If you buy commercial trip insurance (NOT from the cruise line) soon after making the payment/deposit, some plans will protect you from travel supplier insolvency. You have to check the plans to see if that coverage is included and when it must be purchased.